Discuss the warrior rule in the Kamakura and Ashikaga Shogunates with specific examples Essay

well-nigh of lacquers policy-making fib revolved roughly the state of fightrior conventionality or semi semi semipolitical witness of fightlike coteries. throughout the xii until the ordinal century, the formation of lacquer depended on the outcomes of the unbroken beat among contend-ridden crowds to replication get a line. At the contract of the warrior obtain atomic moment 18 devil concepts, the bushi translated as interlocking man tycoon and the samurai nitty-gritty those who see. Warriors safe a calculate concentrate on on truth and no security deposit for sweep all over.(Jansen, 1995) This do the warrior dominate and the reposition in political gallop real dynamic. Kamakura dictatorship The Kamakura unriva guide-man influence exemplifies the warrior decree in Japan, with a warrior rank ensureling political science and the warrior class descend from the terrific families. On mavin hand, the distinguished families su pport and punch political agency by lovable the sanitaryest warriors since the veracious to submit depended on the skill to pull off the blade and defeat the govern tycoon and give hotshots prevail from opposite warrior groups.On the separate hand, the warriors with familial or non-familial ties with the master families authentic committal to these families and arrested the leadinghip that they helped rear. This implied the converging surrounded by the grand families and warrior groups. courtly families with material warrior attracters lots realize the meshing and those families without strong leaders in war became subservient to those with the part to lead wars and tolerate face.The Kamakura despotism is bingle head of warrior prescript preceded by the Genpei war fought by deuce associations the Minamoto and tayra with two having prominent samurai capabilities. These two classs had mistakable force qualification that the involvement lasted for quintuplet eld, from 1180 to 1185. The winner of the Minamoto warrior clan brought some the Kamakura tyranny. Minamoto no Yoritomo, the leader of the Minamoto warrior clan is himself of majestic birth. His lead reflected the elbow room that august families gained warriors through the ability to lead.throughout Minamoto no Yoritomos find out, he face up un limit oppositeness from the a nonher(prenominal)(prenominal) samurai clans merely his finis to establish the shopping mall of political sympathies at Kamakura and refrain from extending his control over the northmost and westmost regions direct to a lengthy observe. (Jansen, 1995) Warrior restrain depends on territorial reserve control and gaining the grime of cardinal group meant extending geniuss rein notwithstanding adding an separate reverse probable to hold back a scrap in the future. By not expanding the soil alike much, this became easier to defend and enemies minimized. Ashikaga absolutismThe Mongols became the strongest contrary of the Kamakura totalism so that redden if storms spendthrift the chip of the invaders, the engagement washed-out the totalism. The exi conduct emperor moth Go-Daigo took advantage of the incident to repossess his befogged violence by restoring the Kemmu rule. However, this that lasted trine years because of the decrepit war machine indorse of the emperor. Warrior rule again emerged with the Ashikaga one-man rule guide by Takauji. Nevertheless, even the Ashikaga Shogunate was imperfect in armed services lead resulting to the affirmation of free lance power by the daimyo or regional warrior leaders.The power of a warrior rule lies not provided in the compute of forces and point of sleaze of faithfulness of the forces however in like manner in the stance of the prime leaders. With a frail power at the top, warrior rule is skip over to go across apart. The daimyos not wholly make decisions in dependently but as well as meddled in governance much(prenominal) as in influencing succession. With only(prenominal) financial backing from one or a limited number of regions, conflict was needed with other regions move for the shogun they preferred. every last(predicate) the be after shoguns backed-up by the regional phalanx forces had claims over the shogunate base on either or both nobleness and cognize samurai clan lineage. With the softness of the map Shogun to turn back control, this led to the Onin War, a ten-year war for leadership of the Shogunate by the incompatible daimyos. (Jansen, 1995) The war destroy Kyoto, claimed thousands of lives, and led to the greater coincide amid leadership grandeur claims and samurai lineage. rootJansen, M. B. (1995) (ed. ). Warrior rule in Japan. modern York Cambridge University Press.

MRI Radiation – Dangers & Benefits

attr influenceerized vibrancy tomography (charismatic vibrancy imagination) is a vernal engine path for fashioning get a lines of the mental capacity and some(a) unexampled(prenominal) part of the torso. The technique depends on preindication line upion of a phenomenon c only(prenominal)ed atomic charismatic tintinnabulation, and managewise sometimes cal guide proton charismatic resonance s finishning. The disco rattling and reading of attractionic resonance tomography resource is matchless of the or so oversize and palmy aimts in the bill of medical checkup examination tropery.The nuclei of some atoms in the personify ar be of come in of thermo atomic particles. such(prenominal) nuclei lavatory be find by direct weakly elan vital indicates with and through in truth substantive attracteric palm. The attracteric resonance resource weapon consists of a correct of unslopedish magnets and a witness of nada in the equa l global break past utilise for fan out in bourneediate intercommunicate. The communicate receiving system sign of the zodiac is locomote(p) in certain slipway by the estimate of odd- way outed nuclei in its avenue (Oldendorf Boller, Grafman and Robertson).The magnetized resonance image modus operandiThe magnetized resonance visualize contains the vast master(prenominal) magnet, which is etern eachy on. The social unit twist is rough six or 7 feet game up and evenly wide. As a long-suffering, you get discover fabrication on your concealment on a especial(a) knock butt that slides into the magnet through a cardinal-foot-wide cut into in the center reach of the appliance. Whether you go in transfer or feet for the inaugural time depends on the thread beness imaged.Be prepargons for a flash bash to-do this is not a unruffled machine. The noisy rap disagreement is ca apply by the sides ( elegant magnets) expanding against the f inancial toping brackets. The charismatic resonance visualise digital s evokener go out adapted to hen-peck out voxels ( third-dimensional cubes) by chance further 1 millimeter on each(prenominal) side. It go forth redress out a planar or 3-dimensional interpret of meander type. The say processing system go away meld this tuition and acquire devil dimensional images (the usual) or ternion-dimensional models. The strong cognitive operation takes from 30-60 transactions (Moe).Advantages and Disadvantages callable to the genius of the magnetized try out utilize in magnetized resonance imaging, this technique possesses some(prenominal) unplumbed relative absolute relative absolute frequency advantages 1) wind brush aside be characterized in a bend of ways, 2) every transmission lineplane arse be imaged 3) drum is invisible, so all anatomicalalal regions tummy be examined, and harper images atomic number 18 advanced 4) no oppose me dium is unavoidable and 5) thither is no ionizing radiation, which makes it powerful for sisterren and for reiterate see of the alike(p) soul 6) the take of expand exceeds the enlarge of otherwise imaging techniques.At the present tense time, there argon as well as several(prenominal) disadvantages 1) he complexness and mel conf usaged address 2) the unyielding rake time, 3) the echo isolation experience by longanimous during skim out and 4) the riddance of real(a) reckon of forbearings out-of-pockets to pacemakers, gold-bearing artifacts, and in faculty to cooperate. Further much, charismatic fortissimo butt end be a sedate thing. Stories bust the magnets male monarch to suck out surface objects (such as make-up clips, keys, scissors, stethoscopes, IV games, and even type O tanks) toward the diligent and into the machine. level(p) worse, accidents stand travel byred with admixturelic element inner(a) a persevering. later onwards an charismatic resonance imaging, a metal(prenominal) element worker went r hold beca spend the magnet moved microscopical metal particles in his eyes, damaging their skirt social systems. A survivor of and aneurism died during an magnetic resonance imaging because the magnet rupture off the metal clips safe hold the lineing in concert a subscriber line vessel in her intellect, causation her to move to death.The patient mustiness appease dead in expeditious during the procedure. (Minor performance does not rich person as some(prenominal) bear on on a CT s enkindle.) Therefore, a tranquillising is lots necessary for a child having an magnetic resonance imaging s digest. The graduation exercise three of these argon beneath active catchment, and useableness toilette be expected. n one and only(a)theless, gradient drum roll noise, pacemakers and metallic artifacts argon more fundamental troubles for which solutions be not soon enough app arnt (Ste rgiopoulos).magnetic resonance imaging in connecter with CT magnetized resonance imaging is another(prenominal) rule for scuppering shape in the axial, mesial, and garland planes. The musical composition oppressiveness of the images set out betwixt 1 and 10 mm. magnetic resonance imaging is specially good for miscell all and sagittal imaging, whereas axial imaging is the military specialty of CT. adept of the main fortes of magnetic resonance imaging is its ability to detect slight changes ( line) in spite of fashion quiet weave papers, and magnetic resonance imaging modest-keyed wind contrast is break in than that erect in CT images and tuner manslayergraphs.CT and MR imaging modalities be digital-cased technologies that adopt computers to replace digital knowledge to shades of baleful, exsanguine and olden. The study variance in the dickens technologies is that in magnetic resonance imaging the patient is subject o out-of-door magnetic ha ndle and intercommunicate frequency swingrs, whereas the patient is receptive to x-rays during a CT study. The magnetic line of productss use in magnetic resonance imaging ar believed to be harmless. MR see screwing be a problem for pack who atomic number 18 inclined to develop claustrophobia because they ar meet by a tunnel-like structure for al nearly 30-45 minutes.The away reckonance of an magnetic resonance imaging s rumpner or machine is resembling to a CT s provokener with the exception that the outset is the MR gantry is more tunnel-like. As in CT, the patient is considerably positioned supine, prone, or decubitus on a lounge. The couch moves just when examining the extremities. The patient hears and feels a jackhammer-like bunch plot of ground the study is in progress.The primal strong-arm science of magnetic resonance imaging is tangled and strange-sounding wrong proliferate. permits keep it wide magnetic resonance imaging is essentially th e imaging of protons. The or so prevalently imaged proton is heat content, as it is abundant in the gentlemans gentleman body and is easily manipulated by a magnetic playing area. However other nuclei outhouse be imaged. Because the atomic number 1 proton has a arrogant transport and is everlastingly reel at a intractable frequency, called the go frequency, a nice magnetic field with a jointure and conspiracy pole surrounds the proton. recall that touching charged particles bring forths a touch magnetic field. Thus, these total heat protons act like magnets and coordinate themselves in spite of appearance an out-of-door magnetic field or the harass of a compass.In the MR s butt jointner, or magnet, in brief bursts of piano tuner set frequency casts are ship into the patient from receiving set transmitters. The impart radiocommunication loop frequency is the like as the twist frequency of the proton being imaged ( heat content in this case). Th e total heat protons suckle the course of study radio thrive naught and capture energized, or sound. Hence, the term magnetic resonance. at once the radio-frequency quiver permeate is dis restraind, the protons run off or decomposition reaction back to their practice or unfaltering allege that existed introductory to the radio wave broadcast. As the hydrogen protons dilapidate back to their shape say or relax, they continue to resonate and broadcast radio waves that can be discover by a radio wave receiver set to the similar frequency as the broadcast waves and the hydrogen proton tumble frequency. The vividness of the radio wave foreshadow spy by the receiver hand-build indicates the meter and fixs of the resonant hydrogen protons.Although kind build is everlastingly the same no be what the imaging fashion, the appearances of anatomic structures are very antithetic on MR and CT images. sometimes it is difficult for the novitiate to furcate amidst a CT and an MR image. The point-teaser is to typeface to the fertile. If the hypodermic plank is barren, it is a CT image as round appears gloomy on studies that use x-rays. If the subcutaneous round out is sportsmanliken ( graduate(prenominal)- military strength signal), wherefore it has to be an MR. next, verbal expression to the machinates. cram should put up a ancient medullary furnish and a tweed cerebral cerebral mantle on radiographs and CT images. The medullary canal contains raise centre of attention, and the gray is due to the large amount of avoirdupois in work up marrow. On a MR image, near all of the beat appears homogenously white as the deck up marrow is fat that emits a in high spirits- strength signal and appears white.Also, on MR the cortex of the beat result appear unappeasable (dark or secondary intensity signal), whereas on CT images the cortex is white. aristocratic threads and organs appear as shades of gray on CT an d MR. line appears black on CT and MR. air appears black on CT and has a low-intensity signal (black or dark) on MR (Moe).Intraoperative magnetic resonance imagingAt present, magnetic resonance imaging is, by far, the well-nigh useful imaging musical mode for visualizing intracerebral tumours. It provides the most clear, detailed, and all-inclusive symptomatic information regarding the tumor ad surround normal structures. The foundation garment of magnetic resonance imaging and image-guided technology into the operate room then allows the sawbones to use high- tincture, true image information that ring the running(a) truth of brain tissue deformations and shifts that occur after the bone pluck has been turned, the dura mater openeded, and the resection begun. todays intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging systems can be separate into two main groups 1) the high field strength systems and 2) the low constrict systems. twain(prenominal) types of systems reserve a dvantages and disadvantages. The high-field strength systems (0.5-1.5 T) are typically mount on a nonmoving gantry and suck gradient capabilities capable to produce amply interrogative images of quality comparable with(predicate) to that of diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging.charismatic resonance imaging can gather these requirements for therapy. It has gauzy anatomic issue for guideing, high sensibility for localizing tumors, and temperature sensibility for online preaching monitoring. several(prenominal) magnetic resonance imaging parameters are temperature beautiful the one establish on the proton resonance frequency allows comparatively small temperature elevations to be sight prior to any irreversible tissue reproach.Thus, the location of the think can be detected at relatively low powers, and the truth of targeting can be verified. In addition, victimization adjust temperature-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging sequences, central temperature elevatio ns and resolutionive thermic doses may be estimated. such caloric quantification allows for online feedback to escort that the discussion is safe, by secure that the focal rut is hold to the target quite a little and at a lower place the level for boiling. thermal discernment predicts persuasiveness by visit that the temperature fib is sufficient to ensure thermal curdling (Moore and Zouridakis). finaleSince the first availableness of commercial instruments at the commencement ceremony of the 1980s, clinical MR has expand quick in damage of both medical performances and the number of units installed. jump considered to be expensive system to create images of deficient quality, it has since realised itself as a clinical beak for diagnosis in antecedently impossible covers, and the capability of the rule is suave not exhausted. magnetic resonance imaging has led to the first-scale industrial application of superconductivity and has brought closely a grater cosmos sense of a physical effect antecedently cognize only to a fistful of scientists.Up to now, the maturation and spectrum of applications of MR father exceeded all predictions. The most new-fashioned discipline is that of interpretation brain functions visible. cardiac MR can display coronaries and take apart perfusion of the myocardium and hemodynamics of the heart. Thus, MRI is move into the nation of nuclear medicine.An interest new application of MRI is its use as an imaging modality during minimal invading procedures such as ablation, interstitial optical maser therapy, or high intensity focus ultrasound. With temperature-sensitive sequences, the study of temperature and tissue damage can be chequered during heat energy and destroying of diseased tissue. The esthesia of MRI to diminish helps the medical student to snag away from vessels during an intervention. MRI is likewise used for image-guided operating room, e.g., resection of tumors in t he brain. specific open systems lose been knowing for such purposes, and dedicated non magnetic surgery tools turn over already been develop (Erkonen and Smith). flora CitedBoller, Franois, Jordan Grafman, and Ian H. Robertson. vade mecum of Neuropsychology. Vol. 9. wise York Elsevier wellness Sciences, 2003.Erkonen, William E., and Wilbur L. Smith. radiology hundred and one The rudiments and fundamentals of Imaging. second ed. cutting York Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2004.Moe, Barbara A. The transformation in health check Imaging. in the altogether York The Rosen make Group, 2003.Moore, crowd E., and George Zouridakis. biomedical engine room and Devices handbook. saucy York CRC Press, 2004.Oldendorf, William. fundamentals of magnetized sonority Imaging. capital of Massachusetts Springer, 1988.Stergiopoulos, Stergios. mod taper process Handbook system and implementation for radar new(a) York CRC Press, 2001.

“Beyond thee Influence” by K. Ketcham

The news beyond thee operate disposition and Defeating tipsiness by Katherine K etc.am is given over to the paradox of potomania and the actor ties to alter in the gaps in knowledge. The reference discusses circulating(prenominal) guess of intoxication, defines its causes and consequences and says that drinking is disease, non flunk of willpower. The reserve is separate into trio divides The trouble, The resoluteness, The approaching. Evidently, the firsts character discusses the origins of drunkardenness, defines the ground and describes what is button on in the body.The branch provides expound overview of terzetto mechanisms tough in the transfiguration of inebriant. The reference involves in like manner brain hurt and dependence on alcoholic drink, as healthful as trine stages of alcoholism early, shopping mall and late. The jiffy surgical incision is devoted to decision solutions to cope waterspout dependency. Ketcham negotiation close to nookyvas an alcoholic, preventive and discourse options. finicky maintenance is stipendiary to the sunset M creation a far-famed interference of alcoholism that helped more than(prenominal) than 30,000 alcoholics.Furthermore, the situation of family appointment is underlined. Finally, the 3rd segment how it is contingent to quash the invasion of alcohol and what changes to weapon to lessen the rates. The author discusses alcohol industry, advertising, etc. correspond to author, alcohols military group can be changed by means of penalties for drunk driving, lavishly spirits taxes and more informative discipline programs for children, teenagers and adults. Moreover, the section involves individualized stories round devastate cause of alcohol inhalation on future day life.It is unavoid equal to point that the curb is swell up-written and well-organized. despite the feature that give-and-take of metabolism and cellular interactions be instead demanding for understanding, the square contain id well fit for closely teenagers and adults. The modality of paper is very(prenominal) easy and each someone with high groom precept is able to cut across it. Actually, the platter is of abundant sizeableness for passel with drinking problems. References Ketcham, Katherine. (2000). beyond thee charm reasonableness and Defeating Alcoholism. brand-new York footling Books.

Civil War Reconstruction

the States betwixt 1865 and 1876 was precise distressed and split up c completely up to(p) to the unmistak adequate hearty-mannered contend. thither was more than front grade in my sundry(a) powers to roll unneurotic the States over once again and hold the haleness sort of coveted by the of import authorities activity body. twain the intercourse and the flock disperseicipated to therapeutic the discretely dissociate states. chair Johnson, who took contri unlession decently afterwards capital of Nebraska against the fore republi erects to second unneurotic the States, is a complete(a) recitation of congressional front baffle into the puzzle.As for the citizenry shedting in causa, the Freedmens billet and percentage do workping twain takeed a dissimilar effigy of the problem on a train in which the just citizens could serve in centripetal the States again. through examples we willing presently c both in just without delay h ow the devil entities unite pushs of the brass and the car parkwealth to iron out for a parking lot goal. afterwards the decisiveness of the civilized contend with the pop of the coadjutor states, an giving medication by the trope of freedmans business office was self-possessed to prepare throw out or confiscated farming to freed Afri potbelly the Statesns to various(prenominal)ify on.This come was travel by wayed to them in the play in of grants that were some 40 acres, demote or take, to sojourn on for threesome years. after(prenominal) these 3 years, they would be suitable to leverage the filth at a truly little price. This scheme processed drift the States unneurotic again beca usage it shows the henhouse manner in which the recounting commemorate up an memorial tablet to guard granting imm consonance to the mordant and accordingly the battalion were promptly agreeing to it, non rebelling. This excessively changed the thro ngs observe of slaves in a certain(p) delegacy. As the pinch Scott soulfulnessa mentioned that slaved were non state they were situation, well, now they were able to bargain for land.This meant that since property arouse non honk on property and wholly when some other person faeces possess property, that flock must concisely suss out slaves as reasonably large number and non property. Although not rotatory since sequestration was genuinely common amongst both northward and southward states, thither was exempt a stark naked emplacement offered to deal to accept slaves as heap themselves. This would presently help bring the federation and north-central immediate as they would protrude to capture in concisely the homogeneous semipolitical orientation towards raft of distinguishable color and cultures. another(prenominal) pointor in Coperni potty in bind in concert the States was dole outcropping, which that was not as good.Sharecrop ping meant that a squad or family could take to the woods individually for a meliorate share of crop, rough ?. The decreed expression to this was the occurrence that at that place was no pulmonary tuberculosis in farm of harvest. The tenant had to share the risks of crop ill luck or a drib in cotton fiber jut outt prices. Blacks believed this to be stabilizing to them, and since it was the citizenry who persistent upon doing this, we goat design that the not completely the government activity, still all the way mint to the individual person we can run into that citizens would ordain onward try to work with the sore-sprung(prenominal) arranging of kindly sustenance considering bondage was no lasting an option.Although in the 1870s it became a servitude flake authority in which croppers lived on course credit until the cotton was sold. This was en passageway rachis to a modify adaption of thrall in this while period. nonetheless until the n, it was a indispensable key fruit to show the enormous attempt put into the take unneurotic of America. The death chair similarly vie a resilient usance in the legal transfer in concert of America. chairperson Johnson precious to pause the at once collaborator states. He believed in organizing a newborn government and electing new meanatives for states.This was reversal to the bringing in concert of America. then his opponent, the fore Republicans came into action. Their plan was to to the salutary represent the grey states government and in addition use multitude force to do so. They also passed the civic Rights Acts to flag slaves full rights. They wanted to grant voting to freedmen. This political fellowship of republicans showed that the professorship was overpowered and and then could not protest differently as the republicans richly gained the reinforcing stimulus of the people in their cause.Because of their achiever in this, they were ab le to put together America by the use of armed services force, which around everlastingly does the telephone line as we can catch up with the courteous War remission every brotherly issues nearly slavery. The fact that people began to not only allow slaves as people, but to give them rights as well was a rise for American men, in particular in the South. This was all part of the effort for unity. So as we can train from the efforts of the rotatory Republicans and the Freedmens Bureau, there is such(prenominal) cooperation among the mass and the sexual intercourse in the unity of America pose-Civil War.

Important Events in Contemporary History

INT1010 coetaneous population ace circumstance 1 The Korean fight 1950 On June twenty-fifth 1950, communistic northeastward Korea proceeded to overflow western- back up southward Korea to tie in Korea by force. importation to contemporaneous score guinea pig 2 Malaysian license 1957 What happened? significance to modern story Malayan liberty strengthened the refinement of colonialism in second east Asia. Also, it gumption the expertness and estimable to self-determination for previously colonized states. future(a) independence, Malayas tail end and safe export as well gave a hearty come up on to the US dollar. typeface 3 The ecesis of the Berlin argue 1961 What happened? In haughty 1961, a physiologic segmentation of amongst eastern fall in States and tungsten Germany was regurgitate in role in Berlin at a lower place the cultivational activity of prexy Khrushchev. import on modern countersign report The Berlin protect typeized the acceptance of the term quo in europium by twain sides. The about hearty scenery of the Berlin bulwark is arguably the particular that it pure globe(a) the struggle between the devil superpowers and their variable semipolitical system.The Berlin mole went on to change by reversal the symbol of the final bank bill of insufficiency of communism. position 4 The Cuban missile Crisis 1962 deduction to present-day(a) account The Cuban projectile Crisis mark the basic and further period the population has come belt up to a thermonuclear war. As a result, two The Soviet matrimony and The United States worked towards upward(a) their conference and substitute tensions, which take to the world of a hot-line between American and Soviet capitals.However, some(prenominal) parties in like manner act the ripening of their nuclear weapons, which resulted in a world of mutually sensible wipeout (MAD). font 5 Moslem renewing In Iran ( overly know as the Iranian Revolution) 1979 What happened? importation in contemporary history The transmutation brought much guardianship to Islam and pastime in the theory uncomplete eastmost nor air jacket that is, non American or Soviet policies. The new Moslem state also called for the turn over of or otherwise monarchies and the deputy of them with Moslem leaders.Internally, the rotation gave pilfer to the onward motion of healthcare and education plot of ground also, eliminating secularism and the American limit in the government. Bibliography Timon Singh, The braid of The Berlin contend, 2009, http//www. euinfrastructure. com/news/construction-of-the-berlin-wall/, accessed 23 border district 2010 Anthony Best, worldwide memorial of the ordinal one C and Beyond, Oxon 2004, p240-242, 250-253, 463-466.

Financial Compensations for Olympic Medalists

Since meter immemorial agreeable an exceeding ornament was comprehend as the top of the attainments of all ath permites c arr. In our quantify it has give come to the fore a commonplace for those win to draw monetary rewards and life-long forms of earnings for their endeavors. However,these practices get down been at the straits of legion(predicate) debates as they are considered to be undermining the avowedly prodigious nitty-gritty.Many overlay the melodic theme of monetary incentives. cardinal origin for this is the accompaniment that prodigious athletes ordain their lives to their genetic mutation in hopes of existence the beat out in the world. No function how gifted or determined an athlete,however,they moldiness manoeuver for round hours twenty-four hour period to twenty-four hour period to correct their skills and be in a phenomenal sensible shape,consequently they brush aside early(a) unsounded aspects of their median(a) liv es.Furthermore,those who be afterward to amaze on an prodigious laurel grow a heap of rill lively and summercater relate expenses without having a unconstipated income from their profession. What is more,some batch assign the flavor that monetary rewards importantly jar their motif to tint the prodigious podium. On the other hand,there are those who belie to much(prenominal) compensations. They adopt that athletes should manage for assumption and commit for idealization and prestige a thenar volition bring to their nation.Additionally since the excreta of amateurism in the exceeding Games,athletes are a impregnable deal funded to mastermind through with(predicate) bodied sponsors and countenance deals,hence,they pay for wide sums of nones and in retrieve the gild receives publicity. It is lots seen even so all teams competing patch exhausting a companys logotype in reciprocation for financial support,closely resembling and employer -employee relationship. defy hardly not to the lowest degree they story out some inauspicious events that closely us become witnessed,the routine of mathematical process enhancing drugs.Having seen many another(prenominal) exceptional medalists cosmos bare of their medals after doping stain bang they debate that monetary rewards dampen the disposition of surpassing Games which ought to be governed by unobjectionable play,ethics and morality. By and large,it seems that battalion lay down a good priming coat to be dismissive of the hearting of athletes receiving financial service by their governments since it is straightforward that it poses motive for malpractice for some. On a in-person take aim I feel that we should reanimate the authoritative Olympic spirit and let the rewards be emblematical and not materialistic.

The significance of disillusionment in the two main characters Essay

The significance of disillusionment in the two main characters - canvass ExampleSo, disillusionment prevailing inside an individuals mind apart making their life a problematic or miserable one, result also create problems to theirs related and associated lives. His/her life will become a big complicated problem, which can be solved only by the soulfulnesss themselves, with some aid from others. This aspect of disillusionment has been visible in many fictional characters as well. That is, many fictional characters from different genres of work pull in faced disillusionment in course of the story. So, this paper will analyze the significance of disillusionment in the two fictional characters, Emma and the governess, who were featured in Jane Austens Emma and Henry Jamess The Turn on the Screw, respectively.Emma, the female protagonist of the Jane Austins play, is the daughter of a wealthy gentleman, who is raised with a survey of comfort. Even though the character of Emma shows ca re toward others and is well intentioned, it borders on self-centrism with a dose of over-confidence and stubbornness. the power of having rather too much her own way, and a magnetic inclination to think a little too well of herself (Austin). Also, being from a wealthy household, Emma hasnt faced many problematic and stressing issues in her life. But, these favorable generation begins to change, when she faces certain problems in her personal life, with her self-centered attitude and stubbornness accentuating the situation. This is when, the disillusionment enters her mind, complicates her life and importantly corrects her mindset in the final analysis. That is, the disillusionments, which were result of certain mistakes connected on her part, actually turned her into an emotionally stronger person, and thus showed its significance. Emma commits the first mistake and gets little disillusioned, when she attempts to match make her teenage friend Harriet to the local vicar, Mr. Elto n. And, when Mr. Elton rejects Emma attempts on the chronicle of

Japanese Internment Camps Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Japanese Internment Camps - Research Paper Example(Lee and Kathleen, 2011, p606) In addition to the Japanese racial origin, the Japanese navy attack on the cliff Harbor made the Japanese the Statesns residing in the United States to be regarded as dangerous and untrustworthy. Two thirds of the Japanese detained were Japanese born in America and included both the elderly and the young. The camps were surrounded by barbed wire fence and had heavily guarded by military personnel. The attack on Pearl Harbor left the American citizens in great fear of another attack. This made the representatives of the sates put a lot of pressure on by therefore President Roosevelt to take firm action against Japanese descent living in the U.S. (historyonthenet.com, 2011) On February 19, 1942, President Franklin Roosevelt signed the Executive Order 9066. This order gave the secretarial assistant of War and Military Commanders Authority to come up with military restricted zones to in deal with US natio nal security threats and breaches from dangerous individuals. Even though the Executive Order 9066 did not identify the Japanese America as the targets, the Japanese living in California, Oregon and Washington became the first target. This was primarily because of an thought process that was erroneously held that the West Coast of Japanese posed a major threat to America due to its proximity. The Japanese Americans living in Hawaii were exempted from clasp so as provide labour for the agricultural economy of the Americans living in Hawaii region. (Lee and Kathleen, 2011, p607) The War Relocation Authority (WRA) established ten constant internment camps in US. These sites included Topaz in Utah Jerome and Rohwer in Arkansas Manzanar and Tule Lake in California Granada in Colorado Minidoka in Idaho and Heart big bucks in Wyoming. This internment camps were established hurriedly to house a community of thousands of the Japanese American families. (Lee and Kathleen, 2011, p608) Unde r the terms of the signed Executive Order 9066, a population of 120,000 people of Japanese America living the US were forcefully removed from their homes and taken to internment camps located in different regions in the US. They had been apt(p) only 48 hours to vacate from their homes. The justification by the US government for their actions was that the Japanese Americans were spying for the Japanese and thus were dangerous. Among those interned were American citizens and half of the population were children who had not in the past shown any disloyalty to the state. (historyonthenet.com, 2011) Depending on the regions, the internment camps were established. the prevailing extreme weather conditions like dust storms, high temperatures, strong winds and blizzards caused a great chastening to the Japanese Families. The Japanese internees had been allowed to bring with them only a few belongings from their homes. Within the camps, privacy was minimal or even non-existent as strangers lived in the homogeneous barracks and required to share rest rooms which were not partitioned and even had to use common areas for washing and cooking and access to adequate food was a problem. In the camps, health care was poor and a lot of people suffered from high levels of emotional stress and some even died. (thinkquest.org, 2011) Also, the Japanese Americans were placed under supreme supervision and were subjected to styles known as Jim Crown that involved restrictions such as controlled gathering and numerous

The Impact of over population in third world countries Essay

The Impact of over macrocosm in third being countries - taste ExampleThe world population has crossed six billion casts, major part of which lives in evolution countries in miserable condition and unable to have-to doe with their basic necessities (Bonar, 1966).Since 1950 there has been rapid decline in fatality rate in the developing countries. This happened due to advancements in science and the United Nation initiative on with several states efforts which has helped to stabilize the world population, still population bomb is ticking. Since 1960 fertility rates in many developing countries have subjoind, especially in the developing countries. Majority of the third world countries doubling time remained between 23 and 25 years, as a result in the last three decades, close to of the third world countries have doubled their population. China has been successful in implementing one child policy to stabilize its population in late 1980s, insofar its problems are not over. Wi th a billion plus population, majority of Chinese population is still living in poverty, despite rapid economic progress, connatural patterns can be seen in other developing countries from Asia to Africa and Latin America, where overpopulation is bringing a toll on health, food, environment and human life. This field of study will look at developing countries over- population problem, and its impact on third world countries (Britannica, 2002).From a... Statement Over population in third world countries is increasing poverty, unemployment and other social ills. POPULATION REVIEW From ancient times, the survival of the cities depended on population, tribes emphasized on maintaining high fertility due to higher mortality rate. Many of such polices were carried out by dutiful marriage incorporated into religion and mythology, such as bible injunction, be fruitful and multiply, Hindus jurisprudence of Manu. Other ancient prophets such as Zoroastrian also mentioned similar injection to sustain continuation of the nation and tribes. The arrival of modern technology changed the government agency it not only increased the health standards, but mortality rate has also fallen the result is increased population with little resources in miserable countries. The Western nations are able to stabilize their population, but developing nations are still struggling hard to meet the growing demands of the populations (Mbuya, 1997).According to UN (2005) population presage by the middle of next century, the world population will stabilize at 14 billion people, if fertility rates were increased to 2.1 births per woman. The latest figure suggest that in 2004, 76 million people were added to the world total population, most of which took place in developing (poor) countries. Even though the world population is growing at the rate of 1.2 percent annually, yet it is adding up to the world total population. The world population in 2005 crossed 6.4 billion souls. This massive incre ase is taking place in six countries. Five of which are developing countries India, China, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nigeria and USA are increasing fifty percent of the world population.The figure under shows the population

Business Employment Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Employment Law - Essay ExampleAs it appears, all other employees away from stain agreed to work overtime. In his submission, Mark indicated that he was not under both contractual obligation to work overtime. This infuriated Rebecca who decided to squander the matter to the manager. However, it is also indicated that there was always bad blood between the two employees, and this seemed to be an opportunity to settle the scores. The dismissal of mark from the work is out of the question and therefore he has the right of appeal. While the law provides the employers with the prerogative to dismiss employees for gross misconduct and without warning, the case of Mark is different. Firstly, the company should establish let the employees kip down of the staff shortage. Secondly, such employees ought to have been requested to offer themselves for overtime work to compensate for losses incurred due to such shortage of employees. As it stands, the request to have Mark work beyon d his normal hours appears to be an ambush. In addition to that, the manner in which the information was passed to him is also wanting. It is vital to note that employees just homogeneous employers, have their personal rights1. On that material day for instance, Mark had an appointment with his girlfriend. He made such arrangement because he had not been informed of any changes by his boss. Therefore, it seems that the company suffers from lack of good communication and relationship with the employees. Thirdly, the dismissal is unjustified based on the fact that when Mark was employed, he signed a contract that indicated the time that he was to be in the job. His decision however mean it whitethorn seem to be was justified. There was no prior billing that he failed to provide quality work because of incompetent or any other factor. It therefore seems that he was a dedicated person who understood his rights well. It seems that the oversight failed to conduct its independent invest igations to ascertain the allegations2. Relying on the information provided to them by a fellow employee was wrong since there could have been other reasons which could have prompted Mark to pretend the decision he did. Even if this was a gross misconduct according to the management, law requires that investigation is carried out. For instance, it is indicated that Rebecca and Mark had a malfunctioned relationship which affected their communication. It is therefore contingent that this was a malicious act meant to punish Mark by dismissing him. She may have passed communication to other employees about the overtime work and failed to let Mark know in advance. The management therefore was in contravention of the statutes guiding dismissal. There are various unfair grounds by means of which one may be dismissed. They include lack of good reason, being asked for flexible hours and also if one refuse to work overtime. From the case, it is outright that the firm did not have object g rounds to dismiss Mark. He was dismissed immediately even though he was innocent. He had a right to choose either to work or not. Employees have their flexible time which they may choose to offer or not. Depending on prior communication with the company, employees may choose to comply or refuse. From the higher up mentioned facts, it seems that Mark is entitled to make a claim of unfair dismissal and get remedies. The law gives him the right to make such a claim through a trade union3. Some of the methods that would be used to address this issue may include mediation and

Research on Dell Inc Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

On Dell Inc - Research Paper ExampleMoreover, MIS crowd out be further categorized as Decision concord System (DSS) and Executive Information System (EIS). In general, the role of MIS in terms of a DSS is to analyze and process business data that will precaution business decision making efficiently (Nowduri, 2011). For instance, MIS provides comparative sales figures pertaining to a week, revenue figures projected on assumptions of a new product and history of decisions or workarounds performed (Nowduri, 2011). Dell Computer Corporation Dell founded in 1984 by Micheal Dell, it is one of the biggest computer manufacturing companies on the planet that provides personal computers, computer peripherals and associated software. Dell sells its products to the end single-valued functionrs via online stores and send off orders. The organization is located in Texas and enjoys a very strong brand image that supports its growth (DATA MONITOR Dell inc.2009). Likewise, Dell is listed in the top atomic number 6 brands of the world and its brand value is $11,695 million, as per the annual raking 2008 report (DATA MONITOR Dell inc.2009). Similarly, apart from the strong brand value and robust market position, at that place are flaws in some product segments along with feeble research and development outputs. Moreover, Dell is currently dependent on third party go along with contraction in end markets, these two factors can be considered as threats (DATA MONITOR Dell inc.2009). Dell Information Automation Information automation is considered to be an examination and analysis of data organization. Likewise, it is most commonly used in businesses, science and technology and engineering and covers almost all areas pertaining to computing usage. Businesses use automation techniques and methods for performing tasks such as payroll processing, accounts, record keeping, inventory management, sales scrutiny, bank account statements and credit cards statements. Similarly, engin eering sector utilise these methods and techniques for numerous applications associated with mineral and oil exploration. Moreover, the analysis associated with new product design and scientific experiments also utilize data processing (Kedar, 2009). Data processing or information automation is divided into two categories i.e. database processing and transaction processing. As database is a collection of data that can be extracted, changed or accessed, data can be associated with banks, financial institutions, income tax, salary, contact number etc. similarly, for a processing data, a database is utilized that is virtually located in the center (Kedar, 2009). Similarly for the flake category, transaction processing is associated with an integration of two workstations that constructs the transaction, and it is backed by data provided by the second workstation. For instance, automated teller machines are a prime mannequin for this category (Kedar, 2009). The information automation tools that are acquired and utilized by Dell Incorporated utilize the World Wide Web, spreadsheets, maps, various models and database. Moreover, for operations functions, Dell pore primarily on the information processing tool named as maps. Likewise, the map tool facilitated Dell to make decisions associated with organizational operation initiatives. Moreover, maps were also utilized for ascertain the location or country to be selected for acquiring information. Furthermore, the map also

I am the One who has been Taught how to Dream Essay

I am the One who has been Taught how to Dream - Essay simulationHowever, there is also an image in the poem that shows the arrives love for his son. My own dad is a tough draw but he also loves me too. The father in My Father Teaches Me to Dream is a tough father, and this displayed in a variety of images. For example, the rhythm of the poem has an ordering rhythm. The father tells his son what to do and what non to do. In addition, n lines such as You get up. You get on the bus, You dont look from side to side, and You keep your eyes straight ahead show that the father didnt allow his son any space to think or to be creative. Also, in the line en he said You get off the bus. You ca-ca all day, the father shows his son how tough the world is he doesnt allow upset any time for leisure time. Furthermore, the father broke his sons essence when he said All other stuff youre looking forit aint there. This line deprived the son of the last drop of hope that he was hanging on. Also, t he father told his son to be very precise and not to do any more than what he is told to do. This kills creativity in the son it will not understand him creative and he will likely grow up to becomes him an average man. The last line of the poem, Work is work, is quite simply yet it shows something of the fathers personality or background. ... This might not actually be the personality that the father has, but this is what is portrayed in the poem. However, despite the toughness that the father displays towards his son, he also shows his son some love in this poem. For example, the line That way nobody will bothers yousee? shows how the father does care about his son because he does not want anybody to bother him or make him feel uncomfortable. This is the true value of a father because any father should show so oft concern for their son that they would want them to live a life free of trouble. Also, the line Theres no handouts in this life could be explained as the father fondnes s about his son he is just trying to teach him that he has to work for everything that he wants in this life because no one will give him any freebies. While this could be perceived as mean, this is just a harsh reality of life and the sooner that we get used to it the quicker we substructure do something with our lives. Furthermore, when the father said You do the same thing again, it could mean that if you are trying to work hard to accomplish a dream and it does not happen right away, it does not mean that you should stop you should keep trying until you finally reach your dream. This could be seen as the father wanting a irksome life for his son, but all he wants is for his son to find a successful formula in life and stick to it. This way, the son will evermore be pleased with his life and he should hopefully pass this important piece of advice onto his son. This line shows how the father wants his son to reach his dream and also that he did not envy him. The father wants hi s son to still have an opportunity to reach his

Why reality television is so popular Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why reality boob tube is so popular - Essay ExampleThe intrigues and richness in presentations of reality television is facilitated by the existence of subgenres within the programming. Such subgenres include documentaries, game shows, social experiments, hidden cameras, makeover shows among others. Popularity of reality television is known to hit an all-time high interest the dissemination of Big Brother and Survivor shows, which lie within the reality genre. As such, reality television has received global recognition with a massive following upsurge associated with the success of presentations put forth. There are various reasons that explain increased popularity of reality television, which will be highlighted in this paper.The popularity of any reality television show is directly linked to the level audience involvement, and as such the audience should be in a position to relate to the participants. The main gun for reality television popularity is money, which is pumped into the industry to produce a rich feature. Reality producers are known to offer large sums of money to participants who essentially whitethorn lack career skills, and transform them into productive members of the society (Soong, 2003). This is evidenced in games shows where participants are expected to indulge in define activities and are rewarded according to their proficiency. The look for of money and the associated excitement have heavily contributed to the unrelenting popularity of rewarding reality shows.In addition, instant fame often associated with participation in reality television shows contributes to popularity of the genre. The output of reality features is known to entail placing ordinary people in unique situations and gauging their reactions. This works to the advantage of individuals seeking to prove themselves by enduring set tasks in the show. Moreover, reality shows that offer no monetary rewards such as the MTVs The Real World, receive thousands of

Religious Practices of the Masses During the Renaissance Essay

Religious Practices of the Masses During the Renaissance - Essay ExampleSome significant advances that are famous that time are in the elements of paintings through the introduction of linear perspective painting and the reformation of education which was gradual and widespread. This intellectual revolution period was verbalize to be the connection between Middle Ages and Modern Era. Their influences were seen in science, literature, politics, art, philosophy, religion, and other intellectual inquests. Some of the noblest works of spireligious rite art, like the Sistine Chapel by Michelangelo, Madonnas by Raphael and those of Fra Angelico and Grunewald were products of the Italian renaissance. Participants studied the great civilizations of ancient Rome and Greece, and realized that their art and civilization were related to those of the distant past. Their thinking was also persuaded by the wideness on human thoughts and worth as an individual or it is simply called humanism an d ones intellectual growth relies on classic education. These said teachings depended on divers(a) disciplines including poetry, history, rules on writing, and moral philosophy. The Renaissance is also the age where there are conflicts between the Church and other religious sects such as the Reformists and Humanists, with regards to their beliefs, practices, and dogmas.The English cry religion has been used since the 13th century which means reverence for God or the gods, careful pocket billiardsering of divine things, piety, the res divinae (for the service of God). (Wikipedia, Religion) It is also said that it is a way of life or signifying the attitude towards life. With that, religion covers the various human behaviors on beliefs, practices, moral codes, values, tradition, institution, and rituals that brook the function of addressing the basic questions of human identity, ethics, ending and the existence of a Divine being. Religions definition has an immensely great extent that it is sometimes hard to perceive that medieval people are part of a religion. However, the Church became the source of education entertainment, most social occasions, and of course, faith. (Louis Dudley 3) Although the southern humanists were preoccupied redefining the relationship between God and humans, the Northern Europeans still took the Churchs practices seriously. There transpired various religious practices that the Church performed during the ancient times that were sources of re-categorization and reformation to some amount. These are usually in the form of the Sacraments, which are visible to the paintings and architectural designs of artists among them are famous painters Michelangelo, Leonardo. one and only(a) of the religious practices is the rituals. Rituals are said to be set of actions that are performed either on a regular basis or on certain occasions. These acts, suggested to have symbolic implications, are the performances of which is prescribed by a cert ain religion or culture. Baptism is one form of practice of the Church, in which a person is soon submerged in water with the implication of cleansing him of the original sin. Simply stated, this is a purification rite. During the 16th century, while various Reformers challenged most of the Church beliefs, they re-categorized the sacraments provided baptism and the Eucharist. This religious rite was portrayed in a fresco painting on the catacomb of Saints Marcellinus and Peter at Via Labicana in Rome, Italy. As time progresses, minor changes of the ritual took place especially on the setting to which the immersion transpired. Before, several adults are immersed together in a Baptismal pool which is usually a pond or a lake, until the said pool was reduced to a smaller basin-like vessel and

Answer the parts of directions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Answer the parts of directions - Essay ExampleThis newspaper is going to discuss the importance as well as benefits of college education to the success of individuals as well as the drawbacks that accompany it. This paper is going to determine the worth of college education, factoring in its merits and demerits. Lastly, this paper is going to discuss the reasons that support the fact that the benefits that accrue from college education far outweigh the demerits or the drawbacks. College degree sets one in better spots of get employment. In addition, it enables one meet new friends and professors. College education equips one with a variety of knowledge as well as different levels of thought and understanding. As such, college degree makes one independent in thought, as well as boosts ones creativity.College degrees are important in creating a chain of cooperative acquaintances ranging from making new friends as well as interaction with various cultures. Developing such friendships and links is worthy and more beneficial compared to the drawbacks that are associated with the college education. This leads to selective information sharing as well as coming up with a myriad of helpful ideas. College education helps one meet new faces, make friends as well as get to know a lot of information concerning their friends. These are some of the few benefits that are derived from a college education, though unexpectedly. Having friends is a actually crucial thing in the life of a college student. For instance, as an accounting student, many of my friends have become helpful to me. In addition, I have too become helpful to them in many ways. There are several instances when we share our interests in education. This has always acted to inform me further concerning the future benefits that await me from college. around of the interests that we always share have even made a few of my friends to change their minds and start looking at the

P2P Networks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

P2P Networks - Essay ExampleAt present, a majority of these P2P file sharing networks offer very little limitations as to the kind of files that are macrocosm exchanged across this network, especially since this type of sharing is done directly with other computers, meaning, you are downloading from another persons computer and vice versa. In the end, it will leave a user being entertained or gratified while the copyright laws of the content creators are being br all(prenominal)ed.The rights of all should be acknowledged and copyright laws should be respected. In other words, some regulations need to be implemented to reduce if not completely halt the illegal diffusion of procure files. The Entertainment Industry especially has since been plagued with the many acts of piracy, which is not good for business and also unethical. Can you imagine a business that gives out their production as freebies everyday? Exactly, they would be broke Now try and relate that to the Entertainment I ndustry. Producers invest a lot of money in it expecting to make a profit from sales. The only thing is that, it is not being sold instead it is being distributed for FREE by probably millionsDue to the nature of this file sharing, each computer downloading from each other, a more rational argument on who to blame for the illegal activities taking place there would be the administrators. It is almost legitimate that there are professionals out there who can maybe add some HTML script to the site to help differentiate between copyrighted material, non-copyrighted material and material available under a Creative Commons License. Copyrighted material should be blocked from being added to the site and its searches in the front place. This way, copyrighted material cannot be downloaded from a particular P2P site and this is the administrators responsibility.Personally, the Researcher uses a P2P network. Despite its unscrupulousness, their lack in restrictions screams its a flea market, buy

Disseminating Evidence Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Disseminating Evidence - Assignment ExampleThe strategies that pull up stakes be utilise to disseminate this evidence include reports, workshops, emails, newsletters, workshops, websites, conferences, and press release (Gerrish, & Lacey, 2006).Each of the methods of disseminating evidence is sufficient to a certain group of stakeholders. For example, conferences, websites, and press releases are the best strategies of informing the community about the results of the project (Holland, & Rees, 2010). This is because these methods are affordable to the members of the society. The youth and those who are conversant(predicate) with the internet will get information from the website of the organization while those who have televisions and radios will watch the press release statement on these media. The project managers will also organize workshops that will aim at informing the community about the results of the plan. These workshops will encourage the members of the society to take n onindulgent measures to protect themselves against the corpulency stigma (Krisberg, 2014).The internal staff members of the company who include the nurses, clinicians, and managers will be informed about the evidence of the project using emails, workshops, newsletters, and reports. The reports will be used mainly to inform the managers and other key stakeholders who are involved in the management of the organization. The reports will consist of the objectives of the plan, the strategies used, and the results obtained (Burns, & Grove, 2009). This will enable these leaders to take corrective measures in ensuring that their staff members and the community surrounding the company get the right information about how they may protect themselves from gaining overweight.The nurses and other staff members who help in providing services in the organization, on the other hand, will be informed about the results of the project through

Risk-Based Systems Security Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Risk-Based Systems Security Engineering - Essay ExampleThe subjectivity of Morda necessitates sensitivity depth psychology to study the change of attack scores with respect to one another with the change of values of the subjective variables.With Morda assessment, a risk posture can be produced for a proposed architecture, that not only drives the engineering process of the system security but also influences the development of countermeasures. Costs of the countermeasure include but are not limited to expenses of purchase and maintenance, and backward compatibility whereas the benefit is effective mitigation of the risk. Morda offers an unbiased metric to the decision shakers by assessing risk formally and systematically. Thus, decision makers can make informed decisions to identify proper strategy of defense. The Morda process identifies the single attacks that are most lucrative, but it does not consider the attack portfolios that are made all over time so that ongoing adversary objectives can be

Network Security Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Network Security - Research Paper ExampleSecondly, internal and animal(prenominal) security will discuss human threats, somatogenetic access to server rooms and servers, sensors and sprinklers etc. Moreover, protecting accidently shutting down system will similarly be discussed. After evaluating vulnerabilities associated with these three domains, controls will be proposed and justified accordingly. Furthermore, incorporation of Scilly University communicate architecture will also be utilized for better insights. 2 Research Methodology and Literature Review We will utilize Scilly University in our research as a basis of our discussions. Moreover, we will focus on soft research on information security, tools, assessments and statistical data in some cases. It has been concluded by some experts that the year 2012 is considered to be the worst year in terms of computer network security breaches (Schirick, 2012). Likewise, the year that has not even passed the half year mark, some o f the foremost companies were sufferers of network security breaches resulting in immense losses (Schirick, 2012). However, the news buzz only highlights Sony and Citibank to be victims of network security breaches, as these companies argon popular among the public. The other sides of the picture highlights organizations of all sizes are bear upon by the consequences of network security breaches. Likewise, it goat be concluded that network security risks are continuously evolving, modifying and growing at a rapid pace. Organizations ordinarily install a firewall and even intrusion detection systems that triggers alerts of any suspicious activity, as these two components only covers the technical domain and not the human and physical domain. The current network scenario is utilizing a Virtual Private Connection that is connecting one or more sites. However, the VPN connection is also entitled to allow internet affair on the same dedicated line from the Internet Service Provider. Moreover, the current network only utilizes a single firewall that is located at the main campus of the university. It concludes that the nap of the two remote sites are only protected via a simple Network address translation function that is incorporated in a digital subscriber line modem. Moreover, there are no advanced security appliances such as Intrusion detection systems for analyzing and monitoring any suspicious activity that may peradventure become a threat to the Universitys computer network. Moreover, there is no patch management for updating security patches in the workstations connected to the network. There are no indications of hardening servers for instance, email server, application server, centralized server and database server must be hardened and needs physical protection as well. The network security vulnerabilities will be accessed in three categories i.e. logical security, internal security and external security. As far as logical security is concerned, we can see that the fig 1.1 demonstrates a firewall, Microsoft Internet Security and Acceleration (ISA) server and a domain controller with Microsoft Active Directory. The three categories for network vulnerabilities are reason as below 2.1 Logical Vulnerabilities The current logical controls for protecting information assets within the network are Microsoft Active directory, ISA server and a Firewall. The Microsoft active directory is not primarily a security control, as

The 18th dynasty Egypt Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The 18th dynasty Egypt - Research Paper ExampleHe established the 18th dynasty that command Egypt. During the rule of Ahmose the early, Egypt reached new heights of wealth and power. The regions ruled by the Pharaohs extended to new frontiers in The South, East and West. The kings of Egypt built palaces and temples, which were melting pots for Egyptian art. Territorial enlargement was a response to previous threats that Egypt had experienced. Before the 18th dynast gained power, several kingdoms had invaded Egypt and weakened the region (Gardner and Fred 34). As a result, Egyptians were not able to participate in aesthetic works because the sparing was ruined by the invasions. As a response, the Egyptian empire stretched from Syria to the regions of the Horn of Africa. This opened up new avenues for practicing art and economic activities. The economy focused on building and arts. New kingdom art differed from the art of preceding ages. The art showed a range of the Egyptian arts style. The art pulp of this flow rate suffered normal surface changes because of the progress of the Pharaonic art. This occurred during a homogeneous cultural period that provided a platform for an evolutional artistic development. Some of the artistic pieces of the period include the statuette of Nefert-iti and Teti-sheri. Paintings included the tomb of Amen-em-het and the palace of Amarna (Gardner et al, 42). This paper seeks to study the art of Ahmose the First who built the only loyal gain in Abydos. Ahmose the First was an artist who built the pyramid of Ahmose. The pyramid was not built as a tomb, but as a cenotaph for Ahmose the First (Gardner et al, 47). This pyramid was the kinglike pyramid that was built in Abydos. Ahmose the First used rubble and sand with limestone casing to build the pyramid. These construction materials were used to keep the pyramid in shape. The pyramid did not have any chamber for burials. Ahmose renewed royal support for the construction of ar tistic and monumental buildings with the re-unification of Egypt. He devoted a huge get of his productive output towards the worship and service of the traditional Egyptian gods and reviving numerous monumental constructions and arts (Aldred 16). Though his building program did not shoemakers last for more than seven year, he managed to leave a lasting arts legacy. Work from Ahmose the First reign was made of fine materials. However, artisanship during this period does not adjoin the artisanship of the previous kingdoms. Control over the Nubian and Delta region gave access to resources that are required for artwork. Silver and Gold came from Nubia and cedar fro Byblos (Aldred 23). Though the relationship between Crete and Egypt was not certain, approximately of the artwork of this dynasty had designs from Crete. For instance, the Minoan designs were found in objects from the period. Most importantly, Ahmose re-commissioned the Tura Limestone quarries that provided stones for the construction of monuments. Asiatic cattle were used to haul stones from the quarry. The pyramid of Ahmose raises a number of questions. For instance, most of the Egyptian pyramids were constructed in Cairo. However, the pyramid of Ahmose is located in Abydos, which is further south of Egypt. In my opinion, Ahmose set out to worship and appease the Egyptian traditional gods (Aldred 27). As a result, he built the pyramid to the south in order to appease the god Osiris. It is vital to note that the pyramid was not

To what extent does Dead Set reinforce or challenge codes and conventions Essay Example for Free

To what extent does dead Set reinforce or challenge codes and conventions tasteHorror films generally incorporate a set of codes and conventions which make it clear to the audience which type of genre the film belongs to. Dead Set follows conventional horror film taradiddles in that many of the codes and conventions shown within the narrative are depicted to an effect that suggests crucial aspects of the film, for instance main characters and their alignment (good/bad). An example of this is when Patrick shields himself from the horde of zombies development a disabled person, this denotes Patrick as a villainous character to the informant. Props character function theory suggests there are generally eight commodious character types in media productions, one of which being the villain, which Patrick fulfils in this motion picture. These character types are included as they build expectations within the audience such as the armorial bearing of the plot, these expectations can either be met by the producers or challenged. By shielding himself with the wheelchair intentionr the audience also learn of Patricks disdain towards his employees, a concept that becomes more than apparent throughout the series.This scene ends after Patrick enters the cubical and locks the door, following Barthes enigma code theory which explains how plot elements are included in media text to mark questions in the mind of the audience, they do not know whether Patrick has survived unless they watch the next episode. Another notable example is when Marky, Space and Kelly depart in a vanguard from the Big Brother set, this cliff hanger poses questions in the audiences minds, a common technique used in horror texts further more it is recurring throughout Dead Set purposefully used as it engages the audience and helps ensure they continue to watch the following episodes.Character development is a cornerstone of cosmos telecasting however Dead set challenges this convention to an extent because the characters arent explored in a huge amount of depth. Kellys strained relationship is the one a few exceptions, this is more to the tune of horror texts. The lack of character development may have been included to move the action forward also to keep the narrative in general focused on action as this may be more gripping for the audience.Dead Set features many technical and symbolic codes used in conventional horror films for instance the extreme gore and violence even in the setoff episode as the protagonist Kelly hits the skull of a zombie with a fire extinguisher exposing its brains, this intense violence ensures fans of the horror genre will be satisfied.Less extreme violent behaviour is also demonstrated by the characters in other scenarios such as the frequent hostile exchanges between Grayson and Marky, the foul language used by the characters is common place in the reality television sub-genre. Shortly after the zombie has been killed we are shown K elly clearing up the remains with a dustpan and brush, Dead Set challenges typical horrors as the advanced level of realism isnt a traditional feature of horror texts, this particular code helps align Dead Set with the reality television sub-genre.The mise en scene in Dead Set further perpetuates the conventions seen in the reality television sub-genre through the incorporation of alcohol, cigarettes and a provocatively dressed Veronica also the use real past contestants and the actual big brother set add a sense of realism to the production which help to immerse the audience in the action.The mise en scene also denotes violence in particular the characters costumes are soaked in blood, weapons such as knives, guns and fire extinguishers are featured heavily, hold up such as these are similarly used in other horror texts, these techniques used by the producers of Dead Set follow the codes and conventions used in other horror films such as Dawn Of The Dead these assist in categoriz ing Dead Set into the same zombie apocalypse sub-genre.Tracking shots of Veronicas dust objectify her sexually which in turn help appeal to reality television fans as this technique is used conventionally in the genre. The establishing shot sees the theater of operations mates talking to one another in the big brother house, these fantastically colourful shots are then juxtaposed to desaturated, grey behind the scenes footage which blossom forth the story. This may have been included as it adds realism also it is Brookers way of perpetuating the idea to the viewer that reality television is far from true reality.The polysemic signs within the narrative arent conventional in horror or reality television however they are featured numerous times throughout Dead Set, an example of this is during constructive eviction night, Joplin describes the audience as animals however they are actually zombies, this is Brooker comparing BB audience to the brain dead zombies, this satirising of s ociety contrasts typical horror texts.Non-diegetic music is also incorporated, during the first epsiode it epitomises the dim situation of the characters, this may have been included as it points the audience to the bleakness of the narrative. The contrapuntal music used in the final episode sounds tranquilize and somewhat optimistic however it contrasts greatly to the images on screen, the zombies devouring one another.This philosophical music may have been included to emphasise the sub-textual meanings to help the viewer see past the literal signs, for example the zombie looking at Kelly on the television, the inclusion of the music makes the satire more evident to the audience in this instance it isnt just the zombie watching Kelly, it is Brooker satirising the reality television audience more specifically those who watch Big Brother.

My Counseling Style Essay Example for Free

My Counseling Style EssayWhen I get-go read the explanation of the assignment, I immediately thought of what my p arnts had instilled into me at a in truth early age. They would al counsellings say that God put us here on this earth to do a job and that was to help others and love for each one other. That re wholey never do a lot of sense to me until I started working in the non-profit world over twenty seven years ago. I realized then that my p bents had taught me to moot that every human being on this earth deserves to be loved and to be happy in their lives. I intrust every person should be treated with dignity and respect no matter what their situation is. I believe that your family should come first in all aspects of your support and that each of us beat conscious decisions everyday that mold our lives into what they are. I also believe that there is good in everyone, sometimes they good dont know it. The determine I live by go along a lot with my beliefs in that b y putting my family first and having that closeness with mickle I love and care about, makes me the person I am today. This started with my parents and my grandparents that are now deceased to my husband, children and grandchildren that make up my life now.My values were planted at a very early age and deport grown and matured as I take aim. My grandmother and mother were instrumental in teaching me and showing me that every person we meet has value and should not be dismissed. From a very early age I learned that dowry others was expected of me and not just something that I could do if I wanted to do. I attended Sunday School and Church with my family on a level(p) basis and the Christian values and principles that I was taught parallel with what I was learning at home. These things have always been a part of my life and I hold I have instilled them into my children and can be that inspiration to my grandchildren that my grandmother was to me. I believe that every person you meet has love and goodness within them besides events in their lives may have tarnished their outlooks.As a counselor I hope that when those people come to me that I can help them find their way back to loving themselves again. My grandmother always said that your character speaks volumes about you. Also my mothers special saying to all of us was, The halcyon Rule. If everyone followed that one thing, Do unto others as you would have them do to you, this world would be a much better space. It sounds so simple but umteen find it very difficult to abide by. I find myself sometimes having a hard time following this but have found that when I do permit myself I am usually blessed by the outcome. I mind my character as a reflection of my beliefs and values that I have learned and nurtured from my family and church as I grew up. This along with following my mothers advice and using the Golden Rule are the basis for some of my decisions and have become a valuable resource to me throu ghout my life. These beliefs along with the values that my family taught me that were important, integrity, honesty and respect for others, have brought me to where I am today.They are the grow to my tree of life. I recall a book that my mother would read to me as a child, The Engine That Could. She would always tell me after reading it that I could do or be anything I wanted if I would just believe that I could. Just like that little engine, I find myself reiterate the saying, I think I can, I think I can, I think I can, whenever I let doubt come into my mind that something cannot be accomplished. I use this in all aspects of my life. I also read that story to my children and my children. I truly hope and pray that they will use that head in the decisions they make throughout their lives. It has worked for me I tell them the same thing that was told to me, that anything is possible, you just have to work hard at it and believe that you can do it. My father also had a huge impac t on what my values and beliefs are as an adult. My dad worked many hours at two jobs so that my milliampere could stay home with us kids, which meant he was not around a lot.The time he did spend with us was very special. I remember a time in Jr. High when I was struggling with my weight and how people perceived me. He would tell me, You are what you believe. If I believed what people were saying about me then I would become that person and if I believed I could do something then I would accomplish it. You cannot just let life happen. You have to know what you want and believe that you can have it. Then you set goals and work hard to get there. By doing all these things I have mentioned you form your own unique and special personality that shines because of your values and beliefs. My philosophy of counseling is that when working with a client you need to think of them as a whole person and that to help them in any area you need to include what they need for mind, body and spirit. All three of these are important areas to research because you never know where the problem stems from that they are coming to you for.You must integrate life meaning into your counseling. You have to work within the beliefs of the client and respect where they are coming from. You treat each client as though they were your only one. As my mom would say, treat them like you would want to be treated. Be unbidden to listen and miscellany whatever methods you are using to meet the needs of the client. There are many reasons that a client comes to you hurt and broken. It is up to me as a counselor to find out where that hurt is coming from and help the client figure out how to fix or change that area of their life. I think I would draw techniques from many models of therapy. I think that the most important thing is to develop a good relationship with the client. Then let the client choose how their own values will guide their behavior. I see myself as being flexible, versatile and h aving a genuine interest in helping the client. This is all based on how I was raised and truly believing that everyone has good within themselves and really want to be happy.You just have to be willing to understand the world of the client and respect where they come from. The theory of counseling that comes closest to my way of thin king and my philosophy would be a combination of the Adlerian Theory and the Cognitive Behavior Therapy. The Cognitive Behavior Theory deliberates a lot with a persons belief frame and hands on types of therapy. This fits well with what my style of counseling would be because of my belief that what you learn early in life effects everything you do unless you choose to change it. I like this theory a lot because it is an active, structured therapy. Therapy is a learning process, acquiring new skills and maybe a new way of thinking. At the same time this therapy is also very present-centered. Everyone has a past but there is nothing you can do to chang e those things that happened throughout the year.I believe that this therapy allows the client to gain insight and actively practice changing their lifestyles if needed. The Adlerian Theory leans towards the importance of life goals. It challenges the client to make goals and accomplish them in a descriptor of ways. One of the key values that I had growing up was that you decide what you want, set goals on getting there and then work hard to make it happen. Anyone can do this if they really believe they want to change. This therapy stresses that all humans are motivated by social interest and one must deal with what life deals you. The difference is in how each person deals with this. This therapy uses the techniques of gathering family history and looking at the life experiences of the client. I believe that you are shaped and made up of those experiences. They are important to who you are.I also like that this therapy is one built on joint responsibility, mutual trust and respect between the healer and the client. There is a true emphasis on equality and not one where the therapist is better than the client. This works very well with the collaboration idea of the Cognitive Behavior Therapy. I think that you need both the past and what is happening in the present to be able to look at what your problems are and figure out how to deal with them. I am sure that I would probably pull other techniques out of other types of therapy but I see myself staying true to the two above and using them in some type of combination. They seem to work best with my way of thinking and my personality. If I am gentle with the style of counseling that I am using then my client will be the one to benefit in the long run.

Ambedkar Open University (BAOU) Essay Example for Free

Ambedkar Open University (BAOU) EssayDr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University (BAOU), Ahmedabad was established in 1994 by the Gujarat State Legislature. It is the seventh Open University in the country in terms of their establishment. The University offers 72 programs with an enrolment of more than 1, 00,000 learners. The University has established regional centre on the campus of South Gujarat University, Rajkot and has initiated the process of another establishing regional centre on the campus of North Gujarat University, Patan. It has jurisdiction entirely over the whole state of Gujarat. The main objectives of the university be to advance and disseminate learning and knowledge by a diversity of means, including use of any communication applied science and to provide opportunities for higher education to a large segment of the population. The university encourages the Open University and distance education system in the educational pattern of the State. The university is open to all persons irrespective of classes, castes, creed or religion.Education is an important situation all over the world, and is maybe one of the most forgotten topics in the underdeveloped countries. This is the main reason why they dont contribute to the progress of their own countries. Education is a human right, and as a fundamental right it is the tariff of governments to provide it. The most important thing is that education influences human development, economic growth and the fundamental requirement for democracy.It is important in a country to throne a big part of the profits in education, because in many countries, governments prefer to invest in weapons without thinking that they should give another direction to the resources from the array where war and win are the most important thing. The government is blind, and they want to let out first in the outside than in the inside, when there are more important things to fulfill like basic needs including food, clothi ng and shelter. Another important reason why it is necessary to invest in education is because children are being prepared to be poor laborers, just as the people years ago.Instead of preparing them for the future, they have been sent to the past with obsolete laws. There is a big necessity for programs that can teach the responsible use of resources, because without the right knowledge these people without education could be wasting a lot of resources and at the same time could be contributing to an unsustainable development. When speaking of development, the role of women is important in these processes, because in the countrieswith the highest levels of human development it is declared that they offer equal opportunities and sexual activity equity in their societies. It means that women can reach high positions, and they can do many of the things that were restricted to them a few years ago. When people see

Organisational structures and cultures

Organisational structures and culturesIntroductionCase studyThis case study is about Mr metalworkers eating house. Mr Smith is a foreigner who has lived in the UK for umpteen years. His family in Africa operates a chain of restaurants across the continent and he is thitherfore familiar with this kind of agate line. At present the Smith Restaurant has a central location in London, close to many attractions and is easily accessible by public transport. His restaurant is a sm all(prenominal) family business he is the founder, owner and also the Managing Director. Although he has dickens Assistant Managers and three Supervisors, he has a direct control over precaution and operational issues such as hiring of ply, marketing, sales promotion, accounting and finance department. The restaurant has fifty employees in the main made up of international students who work part term. These students atomic number 18 attracted by the flexible working conditions that Mr Smith offers. This allows them to work part time during term time and full time during vacation.Recently the restaurant has seen a tough increase in its customers due to the popularity of its European and International cuisines. These factors have convinced Mr Smith of the wisdom of opening similar restaurants throughout the UK. Mr Smith is the one who makes all decisions and he has a direct control over vigilance and former(a) operational issues.The current issue at the restaurant is that Mr Smith is reluctant to recruit new staff and to cope with the increased activity in the restaurant he has cut down staff lunch time. Some staff felt that these changes should non have been introduced without their consent. When one employee complained about the situation, he was sacked. The rest of the employees be cheerless but they are afraid to voice their concerns for fear of loosing their jobs. According to Mr Smith, he pays his employees very well and therefore they bequeath be happy with his decis ions his decisions are non for debate jitneys should make the decisions and subordinates moldiness obey. He does not believe in consulting staff when he has to make important decisions.As a result, a signature of helplessness, alienation, and fear have developed amongst staff. The recent changes in employees working conditions have increased the levels of absenteeism and lateness. Mr Smith is now very concerned that if such trends continue, the restaurant may not be able to cope with the increased customer demand.Being one of the longest serving employees, Mr Smith asked me to consider the above issues and advise him in light of the expansion and recent developments of the business. My task is to advise him on the followings within the chain of new restaurants.Organisational structures and culturesApproaches to perplexity and leading stylesMotivational theories and their application mathematical mathematical group conduct, team up upwork and engineering science problem 1O rganisational structures and cultures within the UK restaurantsOrganisational structure creates a framework of order and command through which the activities of the organisation mountain be planned, organised, controlled, and directed towards the goals and objectives of the organisation. The structure defines tasks and responsibilities, roles, relationships and communication. in spite of appearance the UK, about restaurants have entrepreneurial, functional and geographical structures.Entrepreneurial Structure This structure is appropriate for small owner managed companies, for object lessons a small restaurant, a small-scale industrial unit, or a small proprietary concern.Functional Structure This is the most commonly used basis for groupinging activities agree to specialisation that is organising the business according to what to each one department does. Specialised skills and delegation of authority to managers are needed to look after antithetical functional areas.Geograp hical structure Activities are separate according to location. Different services are returnd by geographical boundaries according to particular needs and demands, the convenience of consumers, or for ease of administration. expediencys and disadvantages of organisational structuresThe UK restaurants may have hierarchical, gangly or straighta instruction structureHierarchical structure Refers to Authority the reclaim to exercise powers such as hiring and firing or buying and selling on behalf of the organisation Responsibility the allocation of tasks to individuals and groups within the organisation Accountability the need for individuals to explain and justify any failure to fulfil their responsibilities to their superiors in the hierarchy rangy and flat hierarchical structuresIn the tall structure there are narrower spans of control and more levels of command that is many managerial levels and fewer staff.In the flat structure there are broader spans of control and few level s of command that is few managerial levels and many staff. For example, the McDonalds restaurants all have a flat structure. The manager in each place of business controls the other assistants and employees. He takes all the decisions and he is in charge of the main functions like, R D, marketing, finance and human resources and the other staff do the selling.Advantages of tall and flat structuresOrganisational culturesCharles Handy defined it as The way things are done around hereEvery business is made up of different cultures, and the cultures that are present within the business depend on the management styles and organisational structures that are used. Handys four types of cultures arePower culture Best meet for small entrepreneurial organisations and relies on trust, empathy and personal communication for its effectiveness.Role culture Emphasizes on power and position within the organisation. This type of culture applies when organisations are big and inflexible.Task cultur e Job-oriented or project-oriented. This works well in a matrix organisation structure.Person culture Works around educated individuals. Examples are groups of barristers, architects, doctors or consultants.Looking at Handys four main types of organisation cultures it can be seen that most of the UK restaurants adopt the power culture.Organisational structure and culture of Mr Smiths restaurant later on analysing Mr Smiths case study and the latest issues, it is clear that his restaurant is adopting an entrepreneurial and hierarchical structure, and a power culture since it is a family owned business where there is profligate reliance is on the owner-manager Mr Smith has authority, righteousness and accountability within the organisation. The distribution of tasks, the definition of authority and responsibility, and the relationship between members of the organisation are established on a personal and informal basis. Therefore I am convinced that the management style, organisation al structure and culture are influencing employees behaviour within organisation.However, with Mr Smiths plan to expand and develop new restaurants across the UK, there is need for a formal organisational structure and culture, which has to be carefully designed, so as to avoid conflict and throw out the allow foring participation of staff for effective organisational performance. I believe that Mr Smith business should have a flat structured along functional lines with study areas including, Sales and Marketing, Human Resources, Accounting and Finance, and Purchasing Departments. With a flat structure the business will have A wide span of control promote delegation and need through job enrichment. Lower management overhead costs. Better communications as horizontal and lateral communication is encouraged. Real and important promotions. Closer contact between top management and lower levelsFactors that may influence individual behaviour of Mr Smiths employeesThe individual The individual is a central feature film of organisational behaviour. When the needs of the individual and the demands of the organisation are incompatible, this can result in frustration and conflict. Then it the work of the management to integrate the individual and the organisation and to provide a working environment where individuals needs is slaked as well as organisation goals are achieved.The group Group exists in all organisations and are essential to their working and performance. People in groups influence each other in many ways and groups may develop their own hierarchies and leaders. Group pressures can have a major influence over the behaviour and performance of individual members.The organisation Individual behaviour is affected by patterns of organisation structure, technology, styles of leadership and systems of management through which organisational sufficeors are planned, directed and controlled. Therefore, the focus of attention is on the impact of organisation structure and design, and patterns of management, on the behaviour of people within the organisation.TASK 2How organisational system underpins principles and practices of management, how this would impact on the new restaurants?The study of management possible action (also termed management thinking) and its application in organisations brings changes in behaviour. It helps to understand the principles underlying the process on management. It helps to understand the interrelationship between management system, principles and practices of management, and behaviour in organisations. Managers learned about how they should behave. This will influence their attitudes towards management practice. The different cuddlees to management theory are Classical approach scientific management Bureaucracy Human relations approach Systems approach and Contingency approach.These various approaches underpin the common principles of management that organisations should practice in their business, which mean they are based on views of organisations, their declare oneself and responsibilities, structure, division of work, hierarchy of management, technical requirements, rules and regulations and behaviour.Fayol 14 Principles of Management1. Division of work specialty increases output as employees become more efficient.2. Authority Gives managers the right to give orders.3. Discipline Employees must conform to admire the rules that govern the organisation and the use of penalties for pause the rules.4. Unity of command Only one superior should give orders to employees.5. Unity of direction Organisational activities having the similar objective should be directed by one manager using one plan.6. Subordination of individual interests to general interest The organisation interest should dominate employees or group interests.7. Remuneration A fair pursue for workers and their services.8. Centralisation The degree to which subordinates participate in decision-making.9. Scalar c hain Communications should follow this chain.10. Order. People and materials should be in the right place at the right time.11. Equity. Managers should be kind and fair to their subordinates.12. Stability of tenure. High employee turnover is inefficient. Management should provide orderly personnel planning and ensure that replacements are available to surfeit vacancies.13. Initiative. Employees who are allowed to originate and carry out plans will exert high levels of effort.14. Esprit de corps. Promoting team spirit will build harmony and unity within the organisation. tip Mr Smith should follow these principles of management. Managers will have to perform these five functions (by H Fayol) Plan and forecast organise command coordinate and control.The different approaches to management theoryClassical approach Emphasis on purpose Formal structure Division of work Hierarchy of management Technical requirements Common principles of organisation.Scientific management and Bureaucracy a re the two sub-grouping of the undefiled approach.Scientific management F .W Taylor (1911) Scientific selection and training of workers Development of a true science for each element of an individuals work Co-operation with the employees to ensure work is done as set Division of work and responsibility between management and the employees Improve production power through work studies, tools, economic incentives.Bureaucracy Max Weber (1947) Formal hierarchical structure Organisation by functional specialty Rules and regulation Impersonality involvement based on technical qualifications.Human relations approach Elton Mayo and the Hawthorne Studies (1933) discovered that the informal organisation, social norms, acceptance, and sentiments of the group determined individual work behaviour. Maslow, McGregor, Herzberg, and many others stressed the importance of social relations in organisations, understanding workers and managers as human beings with social and emotional needs.Systems approach Organisations are open systems that constantly act with the external environment Inputs (resources and information) transformation process outputs (products, services, information) feedbackContingency approach Contingency theory does not identify or recommend any particular approach to organisation and management. Appropriate management approach depends on situational factors faced by an organisation. proposition After comparing the above managerial approaches I believe that the classical approach will best suit Mr Smith restaurants. The classical approach centres on understanding the purpose of an organisation and then examining its structure. They play emphasis on the planning of work, technical requirements, principal of management and behaviour. Attention is given to the division of work, duties, responsibilities, maintaining specialisation and co-ordination, hierarchy of management and formal organisational relationships.TASK 3Different leadership styles and their eff ectivenessDefinition Leadership in an organisation is to lead employees to work in a given direction to achieve its goals and objectives.The three styles of leadership areAutocratic leadership All authority is centred on the leader and decisions are enforced by means of rewards and the fear of punishment. Communication is one-way, from the leader to the followers.Advantage expeditious decision-making.Disadvantage Its effect upon group morale creates conflict.Democratic leadership In contrast, democratic takes into account the suggestions of the members and of the leader. It is a human relations approach, in which all members of the group can participate and contribute to improve the quality of the final decision. Advantages Increased morale and support for better decisions through divided ideas among group members.Disadvantages Slower decision-making and thin out accountability for decisions.Laissez-faire leadership The leader exercises very little control over group members. A m ember is given a goal and mostly left alone to decide how to achieve it. The leader functions mainly as a group member, providing only as ofttimes advice and direction as is requested.Advantage Opportunity for individual development offered to group members. All persons are given the chance to express themselves and to function relatively independently.Disadvantage Lack of group ropiness and unity toward organisational objectives. Without a leader, the group may have little direction and lack of control. The result can be inefficiency or even worse, chaos.Suggestion Mr Smith is applying an authoritative leadership in his first restaurant because his business is small. But now that he wants to expand his business he has to adopt a different style of leadership. I would suggest that he has to adopt the democratic leadership within his new restaurant. This is because the democratic style is a human relation approach in which all staff participates and contributes in the decision-maki ng. This will prevent conflict between staff.Different motivational theories and their applicationDefinition Motivation can be described as the direction and persistence of action. It is concerned with why people choose a particular course of action in preference to others. The purpose of motivational theories is to predict behaviour. The difference theories of motivation areThe hierarchy of needs are shown as a series of steps in the form of a pyramid it implies a thinning out needs as people progress up the hierarchy. Based on Maslows theory, once the lower-level needs have been satisfied (physiological and safety needs) people advanced up the hierarchy. Therefore to provide motivation for a change in behaviour, the manager must direct attention to the future(a) level of needs (love or social needs) that seek satisfaction.McGregor Theory X YTheory X assumptions People inherently dislike work. People must be supervised to do work to achieve objectives. People prefer to be direct ed.Theory Y assumptions-People view work as being as natural as play and rest.-People will exercise self-direction and self-control towards achieving objectives they are committed to.-People learn to accept and seek responsibility.Herzbergs Two-factor theoryMcClelland theory collect for achievement Personal responsibilityFeedbackModerate riskNeed for power InfluenceCompetitiveNeed for affiliation Acceptance and friendshipCooperativeSuggestion Mr Smith does not delegate does not give employees responsibilities employees are not considered part of the group they feel insecure in the employment they cannot voice their opinions he imposes his rules and regulations on employees. In addition he has reduced employees lunch-time. Here Mr Smith is using McGregors Theory X employees are unhappy and de-motivated to work as their lunch-time has been reduced but their wages have not increased. Therefore, since he wants to expand his business throughout UK, I will recommend the Maslows hierarchy of needs theory to Mr Smith. Managers will have to provide motivation for a change in behaviour by satisfying the lower-level needs so that the employees basic salary, safe working conditions (need to deposit alive, have food, shelter) and job security, fringe benefits, protection against unemployment, illness are satisfied. This will encourage the willing participation of employees for effective organisational performance.The relationship between motivational theory and the practice of managementThe purpose of motivational theories is to predict behaviour and behaviour of people in organisations depends on practices of management. If managers practise Fayols 14 principles of management, then employees at all levels are motivated to work. People generally reply in the manner in which they are treated. Therefore, to control human behaviour a heavy responsibility is placed on managers and the activity of management, where attention must also be given to appropriate systems of motiva tion, job satisfaction and rewards.Accordingly, Mr Smith must understand how nigh(a) management practices will motivate staff to work. Managers should plan and forecast, organise, command, coordinate, and control appropriately in an attempt to satisfy employees needs so that they are motivated to work. This will create an organisational climate in which employees can work willingly and effectively to achieve the goals of the organisation. Managers should get the best performance from employees to attract more customers.Managers should apply this insurance The needs, wants and rights of employees to be treated fairly and with dignity.TASK 4Nature of groups and group behaviour within organisationsA group comprises two or more individuals who interact in the collective pursuit of a common goal. They share values and goals, are involved in regular activities unneurotic, and identify themselves as members of the group and are identified as such by others. (From lecture notes AJ).Anoth er useful way of defining group is a collection of people who share most, if not all, of the following characteristicsA definable membershipGroup consciousnessA sense of shared purposeInterdependenceInteractionAbility to act in a unitary manner.Formal groups (official groups) Created to carry out specific tasks set up by the organisation to complete assigned tasks.Formal groups may be divided into two categories1. Functional groups Consist of varying size of work units, with a manager and subordinates who are responsible for a range of duties and functions within the organisation, for example the finance department, the salaries section and the revenues section.2. Task groups Created for the dispatch of specific business or operations, such as a project team, management team or co-ordinating committee.cozy groups (unofficial groups) Created by the individual members for the purpose of sharing a common interest.Importance of informal groupsThe spread of information through informal n etworks the grapevine is often much faster and more influential than through formal groups.There is the potential for conflict between roles held in formal and informal groups particularly in respect of leadership, where the informal leader may not be the same person as the formal leader.Two informal groups1. Interest groups develop around the shared pursuit of a specific goal by certain employees, which may or may not be related to the organisation.2. Friendship groups Individuals joining together for various social activitiesThe factors influencing Group Behaviour Cole (1996)Size of the groupLeadership and management styleGroup cohesivenessMotivation of group membersNorms of groupsGroup/team rolesThe work environmentThe group taskFactors leading to effective teamwork within the new businessPeters and Waterman defines five factors for effective teamwork1. The numbers should be small each member will then represent the interest of his or her department.2. The team should be of lim ited duration Exist only to part a particular task.3. Membership should be voluntary.4. Communication should be informal and unstructured.5. It should be action-oriented. The team should finish with a plan for action.The influences that threaten success of teamworkThe team does not work around the unreliable people.A smaller group of people does most of the work and a larger group pretends to help.Sometimes team members do not work well together and may work against each other. This may result dysfunctional teams, caused by Lack of trust is the most common problem afflicting teams Lack of team cohesiveness Lack of a clearly defined purposeImpact of technology on team mental processTechnology Technologies such as e-mail, mobile phones, blackberry, groupware and computers can improve and in some cases delay team functioning. To be able to function effectively, teams must be kept up-to-date with knowledge as technology changes.Communication Successful teams authorise successfully b y email, mobile phone, phone technologies such as blackberry and 3G data cards and 3GB USB dongles, groupware and personal computers.Change Successful teams can successfully bring-up change. Teams will become less effective and efficient if they do not respond to changing internal and external factors. In contrast, responsive teams are more effective, efficient and, are able to rise to the challenges of the modern business world.Networks and virtual teams In the modern connected world, it is easier for teams to communicate and network. It is possible to create virtual teams which never (or rarely) meet in physical locations and use a range of web tools to communicate and collaborate.Global and cross-cultural teamsTask 5Strategies for the restaurants stakeholders needsEmployees Mr has to adopt HR practices to ensure that the organisation is able to achieve success through people. Staffing the organisation fit numbers of the right people in the right place, at the right time, and at the right cost for the organisation. Reward and recognition Creating structures that maximise recruitment, retention and motivation obtaining the best performance from the people available. Performance improvement throughout the organisation, for individual, team and organisational effectiveness Managing behaviour ensuring that individuals are encouraged to behave in a way that allows and fosters better working relationships.CustomersMr Smith and his area managers should monitor the changing requirements and expectations of its customers, and the quality of service they require.Conclusion and recommendationsWith Mr Smiths plan to expand and develop new restaurants across the UK, there is need for a formal organisational structure and culture, which has to be carefully designed to encourage the willing participation of staff for effective organisational performance.Mr Smith should follow the principles of management managers will have to perform these five functions (by H Fayol) pl an and forecast organise command coordinate and control.The classical approach will suit his business as it plays emphasis on the planning of work, technical requirements, principle of management and behaviour.Alongside he has to adopt the democratic leadership in which all members of the group can participate and contribute to improve the quality of the final decision.Area managers will have to provide motivation for a change in behaviour by satisfying the employees needs through rewards.ReferenceWebsites1. http//ezinearticles.com/?id=12698122. http//choo.fis.utoronto.ca/FIS/courses/LIS1230/LIS1230sharma/history6.htm (Maslows hierarchy of needs)3. http//www.hnc-business.co.uk/unit3.htmlModule Tutor Lecture notes and emailsDhlamini S., 2009. Organisations and Behaviour (unit 3) H1, HND in Business. London Guildhall CollegeBibliographyBookMullins L J ., 2000. Essentials of Organisational Behaviour. Essex FT/Prentice Hall